2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
  4. DNA/RNA Synthesis

DNA/RNA Synthesis

DNA/RNA Synthesis

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RNA synthesis, which is also called DNA transcription, is a highly selective process. Transcription by RNA polymerase II extends beyond RNA synthesis, towards a more active role in mRNA maturation, surveillance and export to the cytoplasm.

Single-strand breaks are repaired by DNA ligase using the complementary strand of the double helix as a template, with DNA ligase creating the final phosphodiester bond to fully repair the DNA.DNA ligases discriminate against substrates containing RNA strands or mismatched base pairs at positions near the ends of the nickedDNA. Bleomycin (BLM) exerts its genotoxicity by generating free radicals, whichattack C-4′ in the deoxyribose backbone of DNA, leading to opening of the ribose ring and strand breakage; it is an S-independentradiomimetic agent that causes double-strand breaks in DNA.

First strand cDNA is synthesized using random hexamer primers and M-MuLV Reverse Transcriptase (RNase H). Second strand cDNA synthesis is subsequently performed using DNA Polymerase I and RNase H. The remaining overhangs are converted into blunt ends using exonuclease/polymerase activity. After adenylation of the 3′ ends of DNA fragments, NEBNext Adaptor with hairpin loop structure is ligated to prepare the samples for hybridization. Cell cycle and DNA replication are the top two pathways regulated by BET bromodomain inhibition. Cycloheximide blocks the translation of mRNA to protein.

DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoform Specific Products:

DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-124713
    ML372
    		Modulator 99.17%
    ML372 inhibits survival motor neuron (SMN) protein ubiquitination, increases SMN protein stability without affecting mRNA expression. ML372 improves spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in mice. ML372 is brain penetrant and has a reasonable exposure and half-life in vivo.
    ML372
  • HY-138578
    2'-O-Me-C(Bz) Phosphoramidite
    		Activator
    2'-O-Me-C(Bz) Phosphoramidite is a modified phosphoramidite monomer, which can be used for the oligonucleotide synthesis.
    2'-O-Me-C(Bz) Phosphoramidite
  • HY-100599S2
    Urolithin A-13C6
    Urolithin A-13C6 is the 13C-labeled Urolithin A (HY-100599). Urolithin A, a gut-microbial metabolite of ellagic acid, exerts anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antioxidant properties. Urolithin A induces autophagy and apoptosis, suppresses cell cycle progression, and inhibits DNA synthesis.
    Urolithin A-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-138602
    5'-O-DMT-N4-Ac-2'-F-dC
    		99.11%
    5'-O-DMT-N4-Ac-2'-F-dC is a modified nucleotide commonly used in the synthesis of modified oligonucleotides.
    5'-O-DMT-N4-Ac-2'-F-dC
  • HY-W141374
    CB096
    		98.72%
    CB096 is an r(G4C2)exp RNA binder with EC50 values of 19 μM, 20 μM and 33 μM. CB096 selectively interacts with the 5′CGG/3′GGC 1×1 GG internal loop motif of folded r(G4C2)exp RNA, alters motif dynamics and closed base pairs, and rescues disease-related pathways. CB096 can be used for research on inherited amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia (c9ALS/FTD).
    CB096
  • HY-131605
    Ganciclovir triphosphate
    		Inhibitor
    Ganciclovir triphosphate (GCV-TP) is a synthetic 2'-deoxyguanosine analog with activity in inhibiting human cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication. Ganciclovir triphosphate is effective against CMV infection by binding to viral DNA polymerase and interfering with viral DNA synthesis. Ganciclovir triphosphate has an IC50 of 0.01 μM against CMV strains from humans, monkeys, mice, and guinea pigs. Ganciclovir triphosphate has also been used in gene-directed enzyme prodrug inhibition for cancer inhibition.
    Ganciclovir triphosphate
  • HY-W017443S1
    L-Asparagine-amide-15N monohydrate
    		99.80%
    L-Asparagine-amide-15N monohydrate is the 15N-labeled L-Asparagine monohydrate (HY-W017443). L-Asparagine monohydrate is an essential amino acid for leukemic cells and a substrate for L-Asparaginase. L-Asparaginase is a potent anti-leukemic enzyme that promotes asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln) depletion and inhibits protein biosynthesis in lymphoblasts. Removal of L-asparagine from plasma by L-Asparaginase results in inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis and subsequent apoptosis. L-Asparaginase has cell-killing ability in vitro and in vivo, and selectively inhibits the growth of cancer cells with low asparagine synthetase (AASNS) expression. L-Asparagine monohydrate can be used as a biomarker and sensor for the study of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
    L-Asparagine-amide-<sup>15</sup>N monohydrate
  • HY-162959
    BWC0977
    		Inhibitor
    BWC0977 is an antibacterial agent that inhibits bacterial DNA replication via inhibition of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. BWC0977 exhibits a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of 0.03-2 µg/mL against MDR (Multi-Drug Resistant) Gram-negative bacteria.
    BWC0977
  • HY-103586A
    GS-441524 hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.62%
    GS-441524 hydrochloride is a potent, orally active and CNS-penetrant viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor. GS-441524 hydrochloride competes with natural nucleosides to block viral RNA transcription as an alternative substrate and RNA chain terminator. GS-441524 hydrochloride inhibits the replication of feline infectious peritonitis virus, African swine fever virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. GS-441524 hydrochloride reduces viral RNA levels in cats. GS-441524 hydrochloride can be used in research related to feline infectious peritonitis, African swine fever, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
    GS-441524 hydrochloride
  • HY-N6853
    Mogroside I E1
    		Inhibitor 98.46%
    Mogroside I E1 is a triterpenoid glycoside and a nonsugar sweetener. Mogrosides are sweeter than sucrose. Mogrosides exhibit antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer activities.
    Mogroside I E1
  • HY-B0268S1
    Enoxacin-d8 hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    Enoxacin-d8 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Enoxacin. Enoxacin (AT 2266), a fluoroquinolone, interferes with DNA replication and inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase (IC50=126 μg/ml) and topoisomerase IV (IC50=26.5 μg/ml). Enoxacin is a miRNA processing activator and enhances siRNA-mediated mRNA degradation and promotes the biogenesis of endogenous miRNAs. Enoxacin has potent activities against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Enoxacin is a cancer-specific growth inhibitor that acts by enhancing TAR RNA-binding protein 2 (TRBP)-mediated microRNA processing.
    Enoxacin-d<sub>8</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-145969
    β-S-ARCA
    β-S-ARCA (3'-O-Me-m7G(5')ppp(5')G) is a mRNA 7-methylguanosine (m7G) cap analog carrying a phosphorothioate (PS) moiety. β-S-ARCA binds eIF4E via electrostatic interactions between its β-sulfur atom and positively charged Arg and Lys residues in the protein binding site. β-S-ARCA prevents the decapping by Dcp2, increases the mRNA half-life, enhances cap-dependent translation, and increases protein expression in cells. β-S-ARCA has been applied in researching experimental mRNA-based anticancer vaccines.
    β-S-ARCA
  • HY-138608
    5'-O-DMT-rI
    		99.17%
    5'-O-DMT-Ri can be used in the synthesis of oligoribonucleotides.
    5'-O-DMT-rI
  • HY-138581
    DMT-dA(PAc) Phosphoramidite
    		98.75%
    DMT-dA(PAc) Phosphoramidite is a dIPhosphoramidite and can be used for DNA or RNA synthesis.
    DMT-dA(PAc) Phosphoramidite
  • HY-139100
    N7-Methyl-guanosine-5'-triphosphate-5'-adenosine
    N7-Methyl-guanosine-5'-triphosphate-5'-adenosine (m7GpppA) is a dinucleotide cap analog that can be used for in vitro RNA transcription.
    N7-Methyl-guanosine-5'-triphosphate-5'-adenosine
  • HY-134313
    8-NH2-ATP
    8-NH2-ATP, an inactive form of ATP, is produced by 8-NH2-Ado. 8-NH2-Ado is reported to be potent as shown by induction of apoptosis-related cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase.
    8-NH2-ATP
  • HY-155219
    TH9028
    		Inhibitor
    TH9028 is an inhibitor of MTHFD1, MTHFD2 and MTHFD2L, with IC50 values of 0.5 nM, 11 nM and 27 nM, respectively. TH9028 reduces replication fork speed, induces replication stress, triggers S-phase arrest, initiates apoptosis, impairs thymidine production, and causes erroneous uracil incorporation into DNA. TH9028 can be used in research related to acute myeloid leukemia.
    TH9028
  • HY-179409
    MC3817
    		Activator
    MC3817 is a selective DNMT1 inhibitor. MC3817 inhibits DNMT1 and DNMT3A/3L with IC50s of 0.044 μM and > 10μM, respectively. MC3817 inhibits P53-dependent cancer cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and DNA damage MC3817 elevates cleaved Caspase 3, P53, and γH2AX. MC3817 can be used in non-small cell lung cancer, colon cancer, cervical cancer, triple-negative breast cancer and histiocytic lymphoma research.
    MC3817
  • HY-125818S4
    Cytidine-5'-triphosphate-d14 dilithium
    		98.2%
    Cytidine-5'-triphosphate-d14 (Cytidine triphosphate-d14 dilithium; 5'-CTP-d14) dilithium is deuterium labeled Cytidine-5'-triphosphate (HY-125818). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate (Cytidine triphosphate; 5'-CTP) is a nucleoside triphosphate and serves as a building block for nucleotides and nucleic acids, lipid biosynthesis. Cytidine triphosphate synthase can catalyze the formation of cytidine 5′-triphosphate from uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP). Cytidine 5′-triphosphate is an essential biomolecule in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in T. gondii.
    Cytidine-5'-triphosphate-d<sub>14</sub> dilithium
  • HY-185323
    Gem-C12
    		Inhibitor 98.02%
    Gem-C12 is a prodrug of Gemcitabine (HY-17026). Gem-C12 terminates DNA chain elongation, inhibits nucleic acid synthesis and induces Apoptosis. Gem-C12 inhibits the proliferation of glioma cells. Gem-C12 and Honokiol (HY-N0003) exhibit synergistic anti-glioblastoma activity. Gem-C12 can be used in research related to glioblastoma multiforme.
    Gem-C12
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoform Comparison

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